Global shocks and their impact on Nigeria: Lessons from global Financial crisis.

Developed a-five variable VAR model of the Nigeria economy for period 1970 – 2010, the study tested the general wisdom, ―Global financial crisis does not impact on Nigeria economy‖. Data were mainly sourced from both the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Perron (PP) tests were used in testing the null hypothesis that there is a unit root in the time series of interest. The variables considered were (1) log of GDP (2) log of FDI (3) log of REM (4) EXR and (5) CPI. Impulse-response functions were employed to examine the recovery from shocks makes full use of the within-country variation. We introduced the constant term and two lagged values of each variable in each equation and found that the impact of financial crisis on Nigeria was possible through financial links, trade links, remittances and other capital flows.This implies that the common believe about the Nigeria economy that global shocks through financial crisis does not have any impact is not quite accurate, for initially the global shocks made unstable the Nigerian economy through the macroeconomic variables understudied although after the initial instability resulting from the global shocks, the Nigeria economy then dependent less on fluctuations in the global economic crisis. We on that premise opined that the crisis presented an opportunity for Nigeria to unbalance the Nigeria economy by concentrate on leading sectors like power, education, agriculture so that the development of these sector can bring about a locomotive growth and results in balanced sector in the long run

Availability of target cost ingredients method in the Jordanian tour companies

The study aimed to reveal the extent of applying the target cost method in the tourism companies. A questionnaire was used for collecting primary data. The most important conclusions reached after analyzing the data were that these companies recognize the needs of agents, but it fails recognize the tourist ability to pay, and not being able to identify the wishes of tourists from a tourist product. It shows that it analysis the market efficiently, but does not conduct continuous studies to see the possibility of having a new competitor, and study and follow-up factors affecting the tourism sector. It also shows that they work with team spirit. And carry out procedures for continuous improvement to reduce costs, but it does not study the ways to manage costs in competitors companies, nor bother to identify the causes of the appropriate cost. The study recommended tourism companies to identify the ability of tourist to pay for tourist products they provide, and to continuously identify the tourist products tourist’s wishes for. And to conduct continuous studies to see the possibility of having a new competitor, and study and  follow-up factors affecting the tourism sector and to develop working relationships in various sections, and notified the staff of the  importance of their role in the decision making to reduce cost. And to study ways to manage costs in competitors companies, and identify the causes of the appropriate cost